![]() ![]() A continuous growth, also in other aspects of the specialty, is expected in the next future.Īugmented reality (AR) is a general terminology used to define a set of different technologies, all aiming to project virtual content into the real environment ( 1). Nowadays it is mainly used in spine surgery and for neurosurgical education, especially in North America, Europe and China. Nevertheless, augmented reality is still far from reaching Africa and other countries with limited facilities, as no publications could be retrieved from our search.Ĭonclusions: The use of AR is significantly increased in the last 10 years. AR is also extensively used in Asia for intraoperative navigation. North America is the continent that uses augmented reality the most in the training and education of medical students, residents, and surgeons, besides giving the greatest research contribution in spine surgery, brain oncology, and surgical planning. The geographical distribution shows extensive use of augmented reality in the USA, Germany, China, and Canada. The main topics on which it is mostly applied are spine surgery, neuronavigation, and education. The number of augmented reality applications in the neurosurgical field has increased during the last 10 years. Results: A total of 198 studies have been included. The data analysis focused on the geographical distribution, temporal evolution, and topic of augmented reality in neurosurgery. The methodological quality of studies and extracted data were assessed for “augmented reality” and “neurosurgery”. Electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus) were screened. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify research published from December 1st, 2011 to November 30th, 2021. This study describes future trends in augmented reality for neurosurgeons. In this study, the authors aim to define the diffusion of these augmented reality systems in recent years. ![]() In fact, over the years, there has been a progressive increase in the application of AR in the various fields of neurosurgery. AR has the potential to become a strategic component of neurosurgical training courses. 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italyīackground: The use of augmented reality (AR) is growing in medical education, in particular, in radiology and surgery.1Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.Becker 2, Andrea Pizzi 2, Andrea Cardia 1,2 and Franco Servadei 1,2 Jelmoni 2, Antonio Composto 2, Andrea Bisoglio 2, Kyra Schmeizer 2, Ana C. Delia Cannizzaro 1,2, Ismail Zaed 1,2 *, Adrian Safa 2, Alice J. ![]()
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